[转帖]老北京的五行八作[图]
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">关于“五行八作”</font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">一、是杭州民间泛指各行各业的传统俗称，源起南宋。当时市肆各种行业分别称为“团”、“行”、“市”、“作分”等。“团、行、市”多为商业，“作分”则是小手工业。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">南宋吴自牧《梦粱录·团行》载：“有名为‘团’者，如城西花团、泥路青果团、后市街柑子团，浑水闸鲞团。又有名为‘行’者，如官巷方梳行、销金行、冠子行、城北鱼行、城东蟹行、姜行、菱行、北猪行、候潮门外南猪行、南土北土门菜行、坝子桥鲜鱼行、横河头布行、鸡鹅行。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">更有名为‘市’者，如炭桥药市、官巷花市、融和市南坊珠子市、修义坊肉市、城北米市。”</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312">“其他工役之人，或名为‘作分’者，如碾玉作、钻卷作、篦刀作、腰带作、金银打</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">鈒</span><font face="楷体_GB2312">作、裹贴作、铺翠作、裱褙作、装銮作、油作、木作、砖瓦作、泥水作、石作、竹作、漆作、钉铰作、箍桶作、裁缝作、修香浇烛作、打纸作、冥器等作分。”</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">元、明、清至民国，这种“行”、“市”、“作分”<span lang="EN-US">(</span>作坊<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，各行各业仍沿用。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">二、五行：</b>车行、船行、店铺行、脚行、衙役行。又有把“车船店脚衙” 说成“五大势利人”者，其中“脚”指挑夫，有的地方叫做“赶脚的”或“脚夫”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">八作：</b>金匠 银匠 铜匠 铁匠 锡匠 木匠 瓦匠 石匠。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.75pt;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">三、</b>现代汉语中“五行八作”解释为泛指各行各业。近义词：各行各业。出处：老舍《龙须沟》第一幕：“五行八作，就没你这一行。”</font></font><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-hansi-font-family: arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5"></font></span></b></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:arial; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>做席：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:arial; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">将芦苇用线绳结成席<span lang="EN-US">,</span>盖房时将其盖在檩上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>上面再用泥覆盖。</span><br/></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313151189256.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:arial; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>做蜡烛：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:arial; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">将羊油烧化<span lang="EN-US">,</span>将油浇在灯芯上制成蜡烛<span lang="EN-US">,</span>分八支一斤十支一斤不等<span lang="EN-US">,</span>颜色分红白两色。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313161465965.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:arial; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>小什不闲”乞丐</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:arial; mso-bidi-font-family: arial; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">：故意在鼻子上涂上白粉的“小什不闲”乞丐<span lang="EN-US">,</span>打著小钹<span lang="EN-US">,</span>伶牙俐齿地挨门乞讨。</span><br/></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313172169014.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">卖槟榔：</b>叫卖槟榔糕的，槟榔为生津液助消化的中药。槟榔糕的制法是在熬糖时放入切成薄片的槟榔，然后制作成小块出售。售卖者背着盛有槟榔糕的木制匣子，并带着一个布口袋。买时可收现钱，也可用妇女梳落的长发换取，其布袋即装头发用的。售者的吆喝为“乱头发换槟榔糕！”</font></font></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313184725690.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>吹糖人儿：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">在北京走街串巷的小商贩中，最受小朋友们欢迎的是吹糖人儿的了。据说吹糖人儿的这行生意在唐代就已经出现了。那时制糖人的糖稀还有一种香味，所以吹糖人的小贩都以“香印”作为叫卖声。到了宋朝，赵匡胤作了皇帝，“印”、“胤”同音，而封建时代，为了避讳，吹糖人儿只好以打小铜锣来代替吆喝。这样一代又一代地传下来，打铜锣就成了吹糖人儿这个行业的标志。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313201113842.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">卖琉璃喇叭：</b>琉璃喇叭是庙会或春节期间在厂甸卖的玩具。琉璃即玻璃。喇叭有两种：一种是小孩玩的，约一尺多长；另一种是成人玩的，长约三尺。同时出售的还有一种用极薄的玻璃烧制，状似葫芦的玩具，名曰“响葫芦”，北京又管它叫“倒掖气”、“扑扑噔儿”。所谓“倒掖气”是必须用呼吸的方法吹出声音；“扑扑噔儿”则是象声，因它全靠前面的玻璃来回震动，发出“扑噔、扑噔”的响声。</font></font></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313213236951.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>拾粪的：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">也就是掏厕所的<span lang="EN-US">,</span>身背木桶手拿木把铁勺<span lang="EN-US">,</span>晚上时还会拿一三面用纸一面玻璃的诸葛灯。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313225390099.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>卖药小贩或行医看病的先生使用的响器。</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">北京人叫其为“虎撑子”或“镯子”因像妇女所带手镯。此铃是以带有圆孔的熟铁片翻卷打成的圆环，比镯子略小，环内装几位铁制小圆珠，外面留有一条缝。郎中以食指、中指、无名指伸入铁铃的中间的大孔内，用大指轻轻一托，手臂弯到比肩稍高再摇动，小圆珠发出一连串的铃声，随走随摇。卖药者身背药箱，肩搭褡裢，右手举一幌子，左手摇铃。听到铃声或看到幌子，就知道卖药行医的来了。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313235874262.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>耍耗子：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">耍耗子的人背着个小木箱，箱内装着已驯练好的小白鼠。沿街吹锁呐。他身后跟的孩子较少，因为他平时不在街上演出，而是由主雇讲价钱，叫到家内去演。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313252082475.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>拉冰床：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">北京冬天的冰，给人增添了不少乐趣，同时也给人增加了一种便利，这便是冰嬉与冰床。冰嬉是古代冰上运动。努尔哈赤举兵反明时，在关外拥有一支善于滑冰并配有冰橇、装备精良的作战部队。以后在清宫的御林军中的健锐营也有一支编制为<span lang="EN-US">1600</span>人的冰上部队。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313263926737.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><strong>雪花酪：</strong>冰激凌出现之前，我国有类似的冷食品<span lang="EN-US">,</span>就是雪花酪。 明清时，北京出现了雪花酪的雏形；是用刨床，将天然冰刨出冰屑，再用果酪<span lang="EN-US">(</span>果子干<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、红果酪及浓酸梅汤浇入，在木桶或瓷盆内，用棍搅拌。然后盛入盅内，半饮半嚼。其名称传说不一，有的说叫“冰果酪”，有的说叫“雪茶”。说“雪茶”的人说，宫里忌讳“雪”字与“血”同音，中间加了一个“花”字，成了“雪花茶”。</font></font><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313281222881.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>耍火流星：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">耍者以绳子一根，两头拴铁丝笼，内盛炭火，名曰“火流星”。耍时，两手弄绳、飞旋，铁丝笼内炭火，上下飞舞，火花飞溅，形似流星。耍火流星或双手飞舞，或倒地翻滚，或凌空盘旋，有“二龙戏珠”、“飘洋过海”、“背流星”等名称。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313291044579.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>翻跟头：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">桌子上面放一板凳<span lang="EN-US">,</span>板凳上面再仰放一板凳<span lang="EN-US">,</span>将头放在板凳腿上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>两脚也放在另一头的板凳腿上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>然后翻身。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313312155429.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>估衣：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">北京有估衣行，天桥一带有估衣铺、各庙会有估衣摊。所谓估衣，即七八成新的旧衣服，刚做好还没穿的衣服卖到估衣行也得按估衣算，俗称“下剪子为估衣”。估衣的成色很杂，上至绫罗绸缎，下至粗细棉布，款式能够隔朝接代，相差半个世纪，而且新旧程度也很难辨认。因此从当时社会人们的消费水平看，干这行确实有利可图。估衣行的经营方式很特殊，以吆唤做宣传。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313325552545.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>送报：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">送报的多为山东人在京开设报房<span lang="EN-US">,</span>所有外省奏折及谕旨都由内阁发到报房<span lang="EN-US">,</span>报房印刷后发到各官宅。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313335717510.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>雨水泡：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">类似如今小孩玩的吹肥皂泡<span lang="EN-US">,</span>只不过是在连阴天时用雨水加松香调成的液体<span lang="EN-US">,</span>玩时用竹片做成圆圈沾着雨水向空中撒去<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在阳光下五颜六色甚至是美丽</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313351881611.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>卖仙鹤灯：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">用断香或庵观庙寺之残香，水浸令烂，捣和每料一斤。用樟脑二两，松香末一两，再捣烂和做成圆锭。每锭寸半长，如手指粗，一头平，一头圆，用针由平头处刺六七孔，约深寸二三分，不可刺得对穿，然后放入玻璃灯内，其烟自从嘴管而出，若灯芯一条，即可将火点其烟上，火即燃于烟际，离灯嘴半寸许。少顷，烟渐浓自能将火推开，极浓时能推火离嘴二三寸远，且超过其火光越亮，直至香锭烧烬，然后火始灭也。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313363920065.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>收拾锡器：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">肩背口袋内装铁锉钳子等工具<span lang="EN-US">,</span>手拿竹杆上拴灯台茶壶等器到住户门前吆喝<span lang="EN-US">,</span>为人收拾锡器。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313382368735.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>卖煎饼：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">用小米黄豆加水磨成糊<span lang="EN-US">,</span>将其倒在饼铛上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>用竹扒摊成薄饼即成。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313393791538.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>拾冰水：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">三伏天官宦之家在门前搭一席棚<span lang="EN-US">,</span>放一木桶内盛凉水<span lang="EN-US">,</span>上面放块大冰<span lang="EN-US">,</span>上挂黄布四块写<span lang="EN-US">"</span>皇恩浩荡<span lang="EN-US">",</span>如果是民间施舍就写<span lang="EN-US">"</span>普结良缘<span lang="EN-US">" </span>。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313404837639.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>打云雀：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">是一种训化表演。表演者将用骨做成的小丸往上抛出二三丈高<span lang="EN-US">,</span>小鸟用嘴接住又连打三个。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313422521045.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>瞧香的：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">即“巫婆”。北京人很少称巫婆而称瞧香的。由于昔日迷信成风，对于疾病成因及治疗法缺乏起码的知识，因此才使不少人，尤其是妇女们将治病的希望寄托于神灵，于是这种瞧香的便出现了。一般是有病人家将瞧香的请至家中，先要以上好的方式进行招待，然后要照她的嘱咐设上香案摆上供品，她先磕头，接着她便胡言乱语装神弄鬼起来。这时主人家也要下跪向神许愿，最后瞧香的取点香灰充作仙药，让病人服下治病。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313435415542.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>吊炉烧饼：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">其人用泥炉一个<span lang="EN-US">,</span>内烧劈柴<span lang="EN-US">,</span>铁链挂在梁间<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以白面做成烧饼<span lang="EN-US">,</span>上粘芝麻<span lang="EN-US">,</span>放在泥炉之下铁盘内<span lang="EN-US">,</span>少刻竟熟<span lang="EN-US">,</span>名曰吊炉烧饼。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313452785700.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>北京瞽目人</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">，在清初以前，也归“教坊司”所辖，而又单称“太仆院”，据传说有铁印一颗，铁马竿（杖）十三根，后雍正间裁除乐籍，瞽人也同时没了系属。至于传说：雍正帝因未登大宝前，传瞽人作乐未到，于是后来取消，这乃是齐东野语，不足置信。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313472883003.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>技勇石<span lang="EN-US"> :</span></strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">清代考选武童用物<span lang="EN-US">,</span>私家练武亦用之<span lang="EN-US">.</span>此图表现的是考试中的一个场景<span lang="EN-US">.</span>清代武举考试分四个等级进行。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/20077231349119366.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><strong>戗剃刀：</strong>剃头店的剃刀不快找此人戗磨就可锋利如新</font></font><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313501199281.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>冲石磨：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">实就是修理石磨的<span lang="EN-US">,</span>谁家的石磨有了毛病找他来修理拾缀。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313512738384.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">卖糖瓜：</b>腊月二十三<span lang="EN-US">,</span>是灶王爷升天的日子<span lang="EN-US">,</span>家家要买糖瓜儿<span lang="EN-US">,</span>等到夜里祭灶王爷。</font></font></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313522455364.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;"><strong>耍钹：</strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_mso-bidi-font-family:'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: zh-cn; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa;">表演者多为戏班中人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>扮作道姑模样<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在殿中完毕后耍手中铜钹<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但见铜钹上下翻飞精彩异常。</span><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-7/200772313531126036.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>