历史的先知---[五]北京草厂大刀王五[摘编]
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">大刀王五(</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1844—1900</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 京师武林名侠。本名<b>王正谊</b>,字<b>子斌</b>,祖籍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">00</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,回族。因他拜李凤岗为师,排行第五,人称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">小五子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">;又因他刀法纯熟,德义高尚,故人人尊称他为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">大刀王五</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。王正谊一生行侠仗义,曾支持维新,靖赴国难,成为人人称颂的一代豪侠。位列民间广泛流传的晚清十大高手谱中,与霍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">、等著名武师齐名。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 王五出生贫寒,三岁时父亲又因疾去世。他只得与母亲相依为命,很小便开始干各类杂活,后来又拜肖和成为师,为习武打下了坚实的基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 沧州当时最有名的武师当属双刀李凤岗。为了修习更高的武艺,王五便想拜他为师,却多次吃了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,他就长跪李门前以示诚心,李凤岗为其精神打动,便收其为徒。王五不负师父重望,几年下来功夫已不在师父之下。为了把他锻炼成更加全面的人才,李把他推荐给自己的师兄刘仕龙,一起押镖,行走江湖。经过几年的锻炼,王五告别了师父,周治十年,他先到天津,后又到北京,经人介绍到了一家镖局当了镖师。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
<br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">00</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">三年,王五利用自己的积蓄,加上朋友的帮忙,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">00</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">半壁街(崇文区)自开了顺源镖局(后来迁往广安大街)。源顺镖局活动范围广大,北自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,南到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">0000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">市清江浦。他规范从业,收费合理,德义高尚,生意十分红火,很短时间内便声名鹊起。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
<br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 王五不仅本行中受人尊敬,他的爱国义举更是被人们广泛传颂。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">0000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">失败后,御史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">上疏,力陈议和之弊,要求严惩误国者,却遭到清廷的贬斥,被革职戍边。王五出于义愤毅然担负起了护送安维峻的责任。回京后,王五便在香厂筹开学堂街,名为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">父武义学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。更为人们所称道和广为流传的是王五与的谭嗣同交往。王五侠义心肠,与谭嗣同兄弟相称,传授谭武艺刀剑之法,二人由此建立了深厚的友谊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
<br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1898</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">0000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">进入高潮,谭嗣同应诏入京,任四品军机章京,参预变法。在此期间,王五担负起了谭嗣同的衣食住行和保安工作。变法失败后,谭嗣同为表白自己变法决心,醒悟大众,甘愿受捕。王五得知后心急如焚,多方打探消息,买通狱吏,还广泛联络武林志士,密谋救谭,却被谭嗣同坚决拒绝了。</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="27" month="9" year="2008"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">27</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,谭嗣同等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“00000”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">被</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">00</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">监斩于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,王五得知后悲痛欲绝。为了继承谭嗣同的遗志和复仇,王五多次组织人员进行暗杀活动,终未果,使王五反抗清廷的决心自此更加强烈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
<br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1900</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年,义和团反帝爱国运动在北方兴起。王五率众积极参加,与义和团众并肩作战,杀洋人,攻打教堂。</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="25" month="10" year="2008"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,清兵将顺源镖局团团围住。终因寡不敌众,八国联军枪杀于前门,死时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">56</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">岁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 大刀王五被杀后,头被挂在城门上,家人无法给王五入殓。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">00</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的霍元甲听说后,只身赶来,夜里将王五的头取下、埋葬。当天晚上,霍元甲就住在现在王五故居南房西侧的一间房子里。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 当年王五在北京颇有威信,众人赠有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">德容感化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">义重解骖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">两块匾额,挂在门的东西两侧,后来院里的人搭建房屋,匾被取下来当了床板。门前原来有个轩豁空场,高高飘扬着源顺镖局的杏黄大旗,现在已经被公厕占了大半个地方。据说王五那把一百多斤重的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">青龙偃月大刀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">一直保存到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1958</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年,在</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="0" unitname="”"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">00”</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">时期进了炼钢炉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 大刀王五的事迹被编入邵氏影片《大刀王五》、电视剧《大刀王五》和李敖小说《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">000000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">》。</span></p> <font size="2">大刀王五中华武林精英.</font> 弹指一瞬,大刀王五离开我们已经110年了。如今,位于西半壁街中段儿路南的源顺镖局旧址还在,但旧迹皆无。据说昔日的源顺镖局共有30多位武林高手做镖师,镖局的大院里分前、后院和西跨院等五个院落。现在,13号院已成为一个大杂院,院子里拥挤不堪。院子的大门已荡然无存,只剩下一扇门板的地方供人们出入,门框上方挂着“民族团结院”的牌子……
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