「開國大典」安檢紀事
<h1>「開國大典」安檢紀事</h1><div class="font_hui" style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; MARGIN: 10px 20px; LINE-HEIGHT: 25px;"><div style="DISPLAY: none;"></div><div class="clear"></div></div><div class="content"><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3"></font></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">李長秀</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日，中共巨頭毛澤東、朱德、劉少奇、周恩來、任弼時等，由河北省平山縣乘火車抵達北平。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">當時北平的治安很差，中共軍委因而組建了一支公安部隊──公安中央縱隊。該隊成立的第一個任務，就是保衛中共的「開國大典」。經過反復研究，縱隊決定以天安門和觀禮台為重點，以武裝警衛為主，輔以便衣警衛，並以檢驗證件等形式維持秩序，嚴防敵對分子混入警衛區域。公安中央縱隊第二師警衛營擔負了天安門城樓上下及周圍地區的警衛，北平糾察總隊對御河的河溝和天安門周圍的各個角落都進行了檢查，以嚴密的警戒控制了會場周圍的制高點。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">「開國大典」前夕，公安部隊對城區的每一條街道、每一條胡同都進行拉網式的清理，又先後逮捕了國民黨「黨通局北平區第二分局行動組」楊金富等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">名案犯，捕獲慣匪、惡霸</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多名，繳獲了大批槍支彈藥。大量案件的破獲，使動盪的北平局勢趨於穩定。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">天安門城樓的警衛，是「開國大典」安全保衛工作的重中之重。北京糾察總隊一大隊，負責</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月召開的第一屆中國政協會議的警衛工作。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日，糾察總隊一大隊圓滿完成了這次會議的警衛工作後，又接到上級指示，要求他們擔任「開國大典」天安門廣場的警衛任務。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一大隊起草了警衛方案。公安部審核同意。一大隊領導受領任務後，立即召開包括各中隊中隊長、政治保衛隊隊長和各中隊指導員參加的黨委擴大會議。黨委書記、政委傳達警衛任務。會上，因為擔任警衛「開國大典」的工作，當時大家普遍感到壓力很大。因為慶典後還有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">萬人的慶祝遊行，中共和國家高官以及各界人士都要參加，公安部隊沒有經歷過這樣大規模活動的警衛經驗。因此，在動員大會上，一大隊的官員要求全體幹部戰士用高度的政治責任心和警惕性，密切和市公安局及兄弟部隊的團結協作，保證百分之百地完成這次任務。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">散會後，一大隊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">名官員都分到各執勤點和臨時增加的巡邏小組中去加強領導，並給每人發了一張天安門警衛的部署圖。當時這張圖也只印了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">份。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日是舉行「開國大典」的日子。凌晨</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">時，整個天安門廣場、城樓下、金水橋後、東西觀禮台，包括後來的中山公園、勞動人民文化宮，廣場向南到前門箭樓，紅牆中間的松樹林地帶，全部嚴密警戒，封鎖各個路口，禁止任何車輛行人通行。一大隊從幹部到戰士都緊張地忙碌著。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">這時，周恩來突然來到天安門。一大隊官員要向他彙報警衛情況。周恩來說：「你不用彙報，我們到現場去看一下。」</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">周恩來沿著警衛路線看了看，凡是毛澤東所要經過或停留的地方，他都詳細地一一過問。當周恩來看到金水橋後邊新搭起的兩座觀禮台時，問陪同他檢查的一大隊負責人呂展：「這兩座觀禮台搭好後，經過試驗了嗎？如果人員上滿了穩不穩？牢固不牢固？」呂展回答：「保證牢固。搭好後警衛師拉來一個營，登上每個觀禮台，做上下跳動十分鐘的試驗，很牢固。」</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">周恩來點點頭說：「好！好！做事就要這樣認真！」</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">警衛戰士又按照周恩來的指示，對一些保衛死角進行了一次檢查，這一切檢查完畢，天也大亮了。</font></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> 10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日下午</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">時半，中共在天安門城樓上舉行了「開國大典」。由於警衛工作嚴密謹慎，未出現任何紕漏。</span></div> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-5/200852021382157659.gif" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>
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