谐音文化——中国传统纹样寓意解析(图文)(三)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">并蒂同心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">并蒂莲。并蒂莲,也叫并头莲,指一支花梗上长出二朵莲花。陈溟子《花镜》卷五:「〔并头莲〕红白俱有,一干两花。」并蒂莲用来比喻夫妻相得,共谐连理。曾瑞卿《留鞋记》第四析:「休拗折并头莲,莫掐杀双飞燕」。同心见「同心之言」中「同心结」之解,加强并蒂之意矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">宜尔子孙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">萱草。萱草,金针菜的一种。花黄红色,可作蔬菜和观赏。萱草又叫「谖草」。古人以为可以使人忘忧的一种草。嵇康《养生论》:「合叹蠲忿,萱草忘忧,禺智所共知也。」旧俗,妇人有孕,常佩其花以为易得男也,所以又叫宜男草。以寿石和萱草组成图案寓「宜男多寿」。以石榴和萱草组成图案寓「宜男多子」。</span><br/> </p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">连生贵子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">莲花、桂花、也有以莲花、笙和儿童组成。莲与「连」、桂与「贵」、笙与「生」同音。早在唐代铜官窑瓷器的纹饰中,就可以见到「连生贵子」的吉祥图案。莲蓬寓意连生,桂花寓意贵子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">富贵平安</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">花瓶、牡丹花、苹果。苹果的苹字与「平」同音。牡丹花插入花瓶中喻「平安」。两个意思连在一起喻「平平安安」。牡丹花又喻富贵。以上三种物品组在一起喻「富贵平安」。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">群芳祝寿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">桃、月季花、灵芝和竹。芳,即花卉,亦比喻美名或美德。多种花卉组在一起曰「群芳」。「群芳祝寿」比喻许多具有美好品德的人为健康长寿者祝寿。此外,以灵芝、水仙、竹和桃或寿石组成图案叫「芝仙祝寿」。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">群仙祝寿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">寿石、数株水仙及竹。以数株水仙喻「群仙」。寿石取「寿」字、竹与「祝」谐音。《埤雅》:「海上有蟠桃,三千霜乃熟;一千年开花,一千年结子。」相传<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2011" M="M"day="3" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False">三月三日</st1:chsdate>西王母寿辰,设蟠桃会,上、中八洞神仙齐来祝寿,其间白猿献桃,麻姑献酒,欢宴歌舞,共庆王母寿诞。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">新韶如意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">花瓶、山茶花、松枝、梅枝、灵芝、柿子、百合。韶,寓意美好、梁简文帝《答湘东王书》:「暮春美景,风云韶丽」。韶光、韶华,美好的时光也,常指春光。韩维《太后阁》诗:「迎得韶华入中禁,和风次第遍神州。」范成大《初夏》诗:「晴丝千尺挽韶光,百舌无声燕子忙。」新韶喻新春或新年。「新韶如意」,新的一年开始,平平安安、万事如意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">松鹤延年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">松,傲霜斗雪、卓然不群,最早见于《诗经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">小雅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斯干》,因其树龄长久,经冬不凋,松被用来祝寿考、喻长生:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">秩秩斯干,幽幽南山。如竹苞矣,如松茂矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">松的这种原初的象征意义为道教所接受,遂成为道教神话中长生不死的重要原型。在道教神话中,松是不死的象征,所以服食松叶、松根便能飞升成仙、长生不死。被赋予高洁不群地形象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">鹤,也是被道教引入神仙世界,因此鹤被视为出世之物,也就成了高洁、清雅的象征,得道之士骑鹤往返,那么,修道之士,也就以鹤为伴了,赋予了高洁情志的内涵,成为名士高情远志的象征物。以为鹤在民间就被视为仙物,仙物吗,自然是长生不死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">两个仙物合在一起即是称其人如松鹤般高洁,长寿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">连生贵子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">莲与「连」、桂与「贵」、笙与「生」同音。早在唐代铜官窑瓷器的纹饰中,就可以见到「连生贵子」的吉祥图案。莲蓬寓意连生,桂花寓意贵子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">白头富贵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">牡丹、白头翁。白头翁、鸟名。头部的毛黑白相间,老鸟头部的毛变成白色。民间常用来比喻夫妻和睦,「白头偕老」。「白头富贵」指夫妻和谐,生活美满,两相厮守到老。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">富贵耄耋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">牡丹、猫。牡丹,落叶灌木。品种很多,花大而艳丽,是著名观赏花。牡丹向来比作花中之王,具丰腴之姿、有富贵之态。无论摆设、入画,极富丽堂皇之致。又称「国色天香」。唐刘禹锡诗:「惟有牡丹真国色。花开时节动京城」。初夏正午是牡丹开得最鲜艳之时。活到八九十岁的长寿老人,俗称「耄耋」。猫与「耄」谐音。画牡丹和猫隐寓福寿双全。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">长春白头</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">月季花、寿石、白头翁。「长春白头」,对和谐幸福的家庭生活、夫妻相敬如宾,同偕白首的颂词。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年年大吉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">鲶鱼,大桔子或雄鸡。鲶鱼,又叫鲇,体狭长侧扁,无鳞,滑而多黏质。大口大腹。嘴边有触须。「鲶」与「年」同音。两条鲶鱼喻「年年」。桔,柑桔,「桔」与「吉」谐音,喻吉利。「鸡」与「吉」谐音,亦喻吉利。「年年大吉」,年年都是吉利充盈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">安居乐业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">传统寓意纹样。安居乐业,就是指有个安定的住处和固定职业。即安于所居,乐于所业。《汉书食货列传》:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">各安其居而乐其业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。纹饰以鹌鹑、菊花、枫树落叶等组成,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">鹌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">安</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">菊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">居</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">落叶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">乐业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">谐音,以此寓安于居、乐于业之意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">富贵耄耋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">耄耋,长寿老人。「耄耋」与「猫、蝶」谐音、同音。「富贵耄耋」寓意长寿、健康、富有。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">功名富贵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">雄鸡即公鸡。形体高大英武,雄赳赳颇有气概。李贺名句:「雄鸡一唱天下白。」鸡鸣将旦,光明到来。「公」与「功」,「鸣」与「名」同音喻功名。牡丹,雄鸡组成图案叫「功名富贵」,寓意仕途康庄,富贵逼人而来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">誉满杏林</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">杏,落叶乔木。春天开花,果实酸甜可口,成熟后黄色。杏仁可供食用或药用燕子,益鸟,春天的象征。相传,三国时吴人董奉为人治病,不受报酬,对治愈的病人,只求为其种杏树几株。数年后蔚然成林。后世常用「杏林春燕(或满)」、「誉满杏林」等语称颂医家。也是对多行好义、道德学问高尚的人的赞扬。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">海屋添寿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">蓬岛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">传说中的仙山。《史记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">秦始皇本纪》:「齐人徐市等上书,言海中有三仙山,名曰蓬莱、方丈、瀛州,仙人居之。」瑶台。指雕饰华丽,结构精巧的楼台。亦指古人想象中的神仙居处。李白《清平调》:「若非群玉山头见,会向瑶台月下逢。」「海屋添寿」,海屋指蓬岛仙宫,喻新屋落成也。旧俗于新屋落成时,以这个图案或此四字相赠,寓意基业牢固。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">一甲一名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">中国自隋朝以后,皆采取「科举」。考试分级进行如县试、会试、殿试等。明清时,通过最高殿试后再分三级称三甲,一甲前三名称状元、榜眼、探花。「一甲一名」即状元。「甲」与「鸭」谐音。「鸭」寓意科举之甲也。民间艺术中,常描绘鸭子游弋水上,旁配芦苇或蟹钳芦苇,寓意中举。民俗也有对出远门的行人赠送鸭子或螃蟹者,祈祷前程远大也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">鹤鹿同春</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">桐,梧桐树,落叶乔木。树干平滑挺直。桐木是制乐器的好材料。桐与「同」同音。「同春」,象春天一样美好。「鹤」、「鹿」都是瑞兽。隐喻「禄」、「寿」。「鹤鹿同春」祝颂长寿之词。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">一琴一鹤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">琴,拨弦乐器。一般指古琴「七弦琴」。见於周、成於汉。鹤,亦称「仙鹤」。羽毛雪白,颈背和翼部分呈黑色,头顶有红色肉冠。体态潇洒优雅。《宋史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">赵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">●</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">传》载神宗曰:「闻卿匹马入蜀,以一琴一鹤自随,为政简易,亦称是乎!」冀其为政简易,如其行装也。后人用「一琴一鹤」称颂为官刑清政简、廉正不阿。也用以称颂品德高尚者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">河清海晏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">海棠、蔷薇科,落叶乔木。叶椭圆形,春季开淡红色花,果实球形。海棠取「海」字。燕与「晏」同音。晏,安也。河清,《拾遗记》:「黄河千年一清,清则圣人生于时也。」《宋史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">包拯传》:拯立朝刚毅,贵戚宦官,为之敛手,闻者皆碑。人谓包拯政比黄河清」。「河清海晏」寓意时世升平,天下大治。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">春光长寿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">山茶、常绿乔木或灌木,叶子卵形,有光泽,花红色或白色,通常叫茶花,是著名观赏花卉。山茶花在这里比喻春光。绶带鸟取「绶」、「寿」同音。「春光长寿」寓意青春不老、健康长寿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天中吉瑞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">蜘蛛,从天垂落谓喜从天降。枇杷,蔷薇科。常绿小乔木,果实圆形、黄色、味甜。蒜,即大蒜,亦叫胡。樱桃,蔷薇科。落叶灌木。果实小,球形,鲜红色,稍甜而带酸,初夏成熟,果柄长。菖蒲,天南星科,多年生水生草本,有香气。叶狭长,花黄色。民间在端午节常编菖蒲叶以为玩具。「天中集瑞」,又叫「天中瑞结黄金果」。把几种端午节的应节物品集中起来,以寓吉祥之意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">代代寿仙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">绶带鸟即练鹊。雄的有羽冠,尾部有两根长羽毛。头部黑色发蓝光,背部深褐色,腹部白色,非常入画。「绶」与「寿」同音。代代花,常绿灌木,小枝细长,有短刺。叶椭圆形。花白色,有香气,可熏茶得制香精。代代花取「代」字。寿石、桃皆喻长寿,加水仙喻仙寿,比长寿更甚矣。「代代寿仙」,形容世代家族都能长寿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br/> <span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><font size="5"><span style="font-weight: bold;">学习了,谢谢楼主!</span></font></span> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>颐和吴老</i>在2011-3-27 17:12:00的发言:</b><br/> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_gb2312"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">学习了,谢谢楼主!</span></font></span> </div>
<p><font size="4">谢谢老师夸奖,共同学习O(∩_∩)O~</font></p>
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