从北京城地图上看先农坛的变迁-图说-服务器里的北京 - 老北京网

眼底云烟 发表于 2011-3-31 15:54:00

从北京城地图上看先农坛的变迁

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">先农坛，始建于永乐十八年（<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>1420<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">年），初名山川坛，乃沿南京皇宫礼仪规制建于京城外南郊。万历年间更名为先农坛至今。
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New"> 
 
 
 
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">乾隆十八年（<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>1753<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">年）进行大规模扩建和修缮后，直至民国十五年（<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>1926<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">年）前其南起今永定门西街，北达永安路；东起先农坛体育场东墙起，西至太平街，南北与天坛相当，东西为天坛的三分之一，总面积约<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="公顷" sourcevalue="860" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>860<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">公顷</st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">，约合<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>12900<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">亩。 
 
 
 
民国四年（1915年）时尚为完整 
 
 
 
民国六年（1917年）城南公园开辟后 
 
 
 
20世纪40年代航拍图上先农坛轮廓尚且清晰 
 
 
 
20世纪50年代先农坛北部已彻底消失 
 
 
 
文革时期
 
 
 
 
在20世纪80年代的北京地图上先农坛已消失！ 
 
  <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">而今仅存<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>100<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">余公顷，不到<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>2000<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">亩。
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New"> 
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New"> 
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New"> 
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">临时有感而发，匆忙从网上找的地图，大小清晰度均有问题，请多包涵！
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New"> 
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眼底云烟 发表于 2011-3-31 16:27:00

这是百度地图上的截图
 
 
 
 
除了古建博物馆，四周机关单位遍布，也只有先农坛派出所和先农坛体育场还能让人意识到这里曾是皇家祭祀神农诸神的神坛！

西堤桃粉 发表于 2011-3-31 19:59:00

总面积约<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="公顷" sourcevalue="860" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" Roman?; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? ZH-CN? 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; FONT-SIZE:>860<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: 1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: New? new="New">公顷</st1:chmetcnv>，恐有误。
查天坛273公顷。
1公顷是100米x100米大小，1平方公里是1000米x1000米大小。
1公顷=15亩，1平方公里=100公顷。

眼底云烟 发表于 2011-3-31 20:06:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder">以下是引用西堤桃粉在2011-3-31 19:59:00的发言： 
总面积约<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="860" unitname="公顷" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: Roman?; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; ZH-CN?>860<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>公顷</st1:chmetcnv>，恐有误。
查天坛273公顷。
1公顷是100米x100米大小，1平方公里是1000米x1000米大小。
1公顷=15亩，1平方公里=100公顷。</div>
谢谢提醒，我查一下
 
 
不过从这张图可知今天的先农坛小了很多，仅剩内坛，面积也仅有原来的三分之一；而天坛也有许多处被占用（南侧、西侧和东侧均有被占之地），过去的面积猜测应大于273公顷

眼底云烟 发表于 2011-3-31 20:36:00

查阅北京园林史话一书，先农坛总面积130公顷，约合1950亩，1.3平方公里
不过现有资料都并未提及这些数据是原来的还是现在的。

眼底云烟 发表于 2011-4-1 09:29:00

感谢楼上老师的指点！那张美国人的照片很珍贵

zhaohq 发表于 2011-4-1 06:34:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder">以下是引用眼底云烟在2011-3-31 20:36:00的发言： 
 
不过现有资料都并未提及这些数据是原来的还是现在的。</div>
 
 
[转帖]：
 
先农坛地理位置：北京市宣武区东经路21号。建于正阳门西南，与其东面的天坛建筑群相对应。
文物级别：全国重点文物保护单位。
建造年代：明永乐四年至十八年（1406年至1420年）。
主要用途：明清两代皇家祭祀先农诸神的场所。
旧时名称：山川坛
 
外坛南北长度：约1424米
外坛东西宽度：约700米
内坛南北长度：约446米
内坛东西宽度：约306米
 
 
这些数据应是原来的。
 
 
 
外坛面积：
 
1.424X0.7  —  北侧外坛墙圆弧弧外面积=......
 
不足1平方公里。
 
 
来一张老照片里的收谷亭：

眼底云烟 发表于 2011-4-1 10:55:00

网上确有资料称先农坛“总面积860公顷,由内外两座坛墙围成,外坛墙长4378米。”
 
从永定门到正阳门不过3公里多，故所谓外坛墙长4378米，应该是周长，由此可见总面积860公顷这个提法是错误的！我在引用时未能注意！实不应该！感谢西堤桃粉和Zhaohq的指正！

wabj2010 发表于 2011-4-4 17:18:00

北边这条街就是沿着外坛墙修的吧

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服务器里的北京 - 老北京网's Archiver

从北京城地图上看先农坛的变迁